Guides
index
INCORE
guide to sources on Second Track Diplomacy
Resources
compiled by Niall Whelehan (December 2004)
Contents
The aim
of this INCORE thematic guide to second track diplomacy is
to provide full-text publications and resources for those interested
whether academically or practically in second track diplomacy
and peacebuilding efforts. In this context, second track diplomacy
is understood as activities undertaken by non-governmental
actors to transform conflicts between and within states. Issues
relating to multi-track diplomacy are also covered in this
guide.
Inclusion
in this guide does not imply an endorsement by INCORE of the
views expressed in any of these sources. If you have a complaint
about this guide or believe that we have omitted a relevant
source please read our information about the guides before writing
to us. You may find that this will answer some of your questions.
This includes a warning about the type of information included
in the guide, information about our 'criteria for inclusion'
in the guides and about our 'updating and additions policy'.
Articles
General
:
Berghof
Handbook - Berghof Research Center
The Berghof Handbook includes many valuable articles and aims to offer
a systematic overview of the state-of-the-art of conflict transformation,
documenting and assessing the various strengths and weaknesses of these
approaches.
http://www.berghof-handbook.net/complete.htm
Second
Track Diplomacy
This honours thesis was written by Michael Bavly in 1999. This essay
explains the theory of Second Track Diplomacy while using the Palestinian-Israeli
peace process as a case study.
http://www.shalam.org/Second%20Track%20Diplomacy.htm
Conflict
Research Consortium
International Online Training Program on Intractable Conflict, University
of Colorado, USA. The website offers and introductory article about ”Unofficial
Communication, Citizen Diplomacy, and Multi-track Diplomacy” and
various articles and links about multi-track diplomacy.
http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/treatment/citdip.htm
Distance
Learning Course in Conflict Management and Negotiation
The Inter-American Defense College (IADC), in association with the Institute
of World Affairs, offer an on-line course on conflict management and
negotiation and provide general information about track-two approaches
to conflict resolution.
http://iadc.iwa.org/en/Unit6.htm
Field
Diplomacy: A new conflict prevention paradigm?
In this article Luc Reychler discuss the role and function of field diplomacy
which he refers to “a credible presence in the field, a serious
commitment to conflict transformation, a multi-level approach, elicitive
engagement, a broad time perspective, attention to the deeper layers
of the conflict, preference for an integrative conflict-prevention policy,
and the recognition of the inter-dependency between seemingly different
conflicts.”
http://www.gmu.edu/academic/pcs/reychler.htm
Further
Exploration of Track Two Diplomacy
This article by John McDonald discusses all of the approaches to diplomatic
solutions and shows how they relate to official, track one diplomatic
efforts.
http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/example/mcdo3682.htm
Multi-Track
Diplomacy in the 21st Century - European Platform for Conflict
Prevention and Transformation.
Article by Louise Diamond where she examines how multi-track diplomacy
could become a major force for peacebuilding efforts in a turbulent and
often violent world of the 21st century.
http://www.xs4all.nl/~conflic1/pbp/part1/6_multit.htm
Exploring the local capacity for peace: the role of NGOs Click Here
ACP-EU Courier (development magazine). In this article Paul van Tongeren
stresses the advantages of second track actors towards sustainable peacebuilding
efforts instead of interest-led politics of states and their diplomats.
http://www.xs4all.nl/~conflic1/pbp/part1/6_multit.htm
Track
II (Citizen) Diplomacy
Introductory essay by Diana Chigas on the functions of informal intermediaries,
the contributions of unofficial interventions and several other core
aspects of Second Track Diplomacy.
http://www.beyondintractability.org/m/track2_diplomacy.jsp
Case
Studies:
Committee
for Conflict Transformation Support
This essay by Judith Large focuses on dilemmas in local, regional and
international inter-action for peace-building and assesses cases of multi-track
diplomacy in Bosnia and Kosovo, Maluku and East Timor.
http://www.c-r.org/ccts/ccts13/paralys.htm
The
Inter-Tajik Dialogue: From Civil War towards Civil Society
Article by Randa M. Slim and Harold H. Saunders that treats the non-official
Inter-Tajik Dialogue which began in March 1993, when seven individuals
from different factions in the civil war initiated a non-official diplomatic
solution to the conflict in Tajikistan.
http://www.c-r.org/accord/tajik/accord10/inter.shtml
Preventing
Genocide in Burundi
Lessons from International Diplomacy – United States Institute
of Peace.
http://www.usip.org/pubs/peaceworks/weissm22/chap5_22.html
Track
Two Diplomacy and Regional Security in the Middle East: Prospects
and Limits
The George Washington University. Draft paper from Dalia Dassa Kaye,
The George Washington University, prepared for delivery at the 2001 Annual
Meeting of the International Studies Association, Chicago Hilton, February
20-24, 2001.
http://home.datacomm.ch/sbrem/ISA2001.Diplomacy.pdf
Action
Evaluation and Citizen Peace-Building in the Georgia-Abkhazia
Conflict: Ownership in Conflict Transformation
This article examines the work accomplished in the last five years in
the conflict region of Georgia/Abkhazia in the former Soviet Union. Focused
specifically on citizen peacebuilding efforts between Georgians and Abkhaz,
the article shows how the Action Evaluation methodology facilitated a
process of participatory project design and implementation that enabled
the participants to thoroughly study both their conflict and their respective
views about it, while exploring what kinds of changes would be necessary
in these attitudes, and what resulting actions could positively transform
the conflict.
http://hypatia.ss.uci.edu/istudies/applied/gap.htm
Multi-Track
Diplomacy in Cyprus
European Centre for Conflict Prevention. Article written by Louise Diamond.
http://www.xs4all.nl/~conflic1/pbp/2/7_cyprus.htm
Online
Journals
Cardoza
Journal of Conflict Resolution.
Journal of the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law in New York, a school
that focuses on ‘ADR’ – alternative dispute resolution – as
a burgeoning field of law.
http://www.cardozojcr.com/
The
Online Journal of Peace and Conflict Resolution (OJPCR)
The Online Journal of Peace and Conflict Resolution is intended as a
resource for students, teachers and practitioners in fields relating
to the reduction and elimination of conflict. It desires to be a free,
yet valuable, source of information to aid anyone trying to work toward
a less violent and more cooperative world.
http://www.trinstitute.org/ojpcr/
Peace
and Conflict Studies, published by The Network of Peace and Conflict
Studies, George Mason University
The journal is committed to academic research on conflict analysis and
resolution, peace building, humanitarian intervention, peacekeeping and
other mechanisms that seek to prevent and control violence. We are also
interested in publishing articles which focus on promoting global social
change and nonviolence: ecological balance, development, human rights,
peace movements and gender. The journal’s aim is to provide space
for the interactive research needed for the accumulation of a knowledge
base in peace and conflict research.
http://www.gmu.edu/academic/pcs/
The
African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes
(ACCORD)
This magazine offers at-a-glance overviews of both developments in conflicts
and positive steps towards renaissance on the continent of Africa. Also
included are in-depth articles focusing on conflict analysis.
http://www.accord.org.za/ct/2004-2.htm
African
Journal in Conflict Resolution
Articles are longer and more in depth than those found in Conflict Trends,
and of an overtly academic nature.
http://www.accord.org.za/ajer/intro.htm
Track
Two
Track two is a quarterly publication of the Centre for Conflict Resolution
and the Media Peace Centre (South Africa) to promote innovative and constructive
approaches to community and political conflict, as an alternative to
traditional adversarial tactics.
http://ccrweb.ccr.uct.ac.za/index.php?id=9
Trainings/Courses
Peace
Brigades International
Peace Brigades International (PBI) is a grassroots organization that
explores and promotes nonviolent peacekeeping and support for human rights.
They have a number of projects around the world. Additionally, PBI trains
people in nonviolence, conflict resolution and human rights, and documents
conflicts and initiatives for peace.
http://www.peacebrigades.org/index.html
Community
Relations Council (CRC)
A Belfast based organisation, dedicated to the promotion of better community
relation between the communities in Northern Ireland, and to the recognition
of cultural diversity. Extensive resources are available on-line including
news and press releases, and a number of CRC publications.
http://www.community-relations.org.uk
International
Peace Academy (New York, USA)
The International Peace Academy (IPA) is an independent, international
institution dedicated to promoting the prevention and settlement of armed
conflicts between and within states through policy research and development.
Among other activities, IPA runs a programme of seminars on peacekeeping
and conflict resolution for military, diplomatic, political, and humanitarian
personnel; participants include diplomats, military officers, and staff
members of the UN, other regional and international institutions, humanitarian
agencies and non governmental institutions.
http://www.ipacademy.org/
Austrian
Study Centre for Peace and Conflict Resolution
Since 1993 ASPR has offered the IPT course, the 'Civilian Peace-Keeping
and Peace- Building and Training Program' in co-operation with the European
Centre for Peace Studies (EPU). The program consists of a three week
foundation course, followed by an optional one week function-oriented
training. The courses are offered several times a year and are aimed
at qualified civilians interested in participating in peace- keeping
and peace-building activities in conflict regions. Faculty is drawn from
an international group of resource persons familiar with the UN and NGO
activities in this realm. ASPR is also involved in other training activities,
an example being a 'Summer School on the OSCE' (July-August 1997), in
collaboration with the Netherlands Helsinki Committee and the Berghof
Research Centre (Berlin, Germany). [Arno Truger, Renate Korber, Friedrich
Glasl, Dudley Weeks, et al].
http://www.aspr.ac.at/aspr.htm
Post
War Reconstruction & Development Unit
Since October 1996, the PDRU of the Institute of Advanced Architectural
Studies of the University of York, has offered a one year modular MA
course in "Post-War Recovery Studies" for humanitarian aid
workers, development practitioners, and peace-keepers working in war-torn
countries. There are four major components: Understanding conflict and
the international response; practical skills of working in conflict and
settlement reconstruction; strategic planning and project evaluation;
managerial, organisational and training skills. [Sultan Barakat, Sue
Ellis]
http://www.york.ac.uk/depts/poli/prdu/gsp/intro.htm
Centre
for Conflict Resolution (Bradford)
Bradford offers academic programmes in Peace Studies (BA and MA and Post
Graduate Diploma). Staff and researchers associated with Working In Conflict
Zones are also in the business of facilitating an extensive programme
of training seminars and workshops, both domestically and internationally.
Constituencies have been diplomats from Eastern Europe, teachers, social
workers, health professionals, industrial dispute negotiators, and management
personnel, as well as peace and human rights activists, NGO's, church
groups, and community education projects. Countries where the centre
has provided training workshops include Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Uganda,
Croatia, Serbia, and Macedonia.[Nick Lewer, Tom Woodhouse]
http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/confres/crchome.html
University
of Maryland
The Center for International Development and Conflict Management (CIDCM)
conducts an intensive short program on second track diplomacy and peace
building within the field of alternative dispute resolution to provide
experiential learning and multiple perspectives on ways to bring about
conflict transformation and peace building.
http://www.testudo.umd.edu/soc/winter/workshops.html
Humanitarian
Assistance Training Inventory (HATI)
The focus of this database on Humanitarian Assistance Training Inventory
(HATI) is on training for the staff of humanitarian assistance organizations.
http://www.reliefweb.int/training/index.html
Lester
Pearson Peacekeeping Centre
The Pearson Peacekeeping Centre offers an extensive line of courses for
any individual involved in peace operations activities and also delivers
customized versions of their courses to meet the specific needs of organizations.
http://ciss.ca/ppc.htm
Summer
Peacebuilding Institute (SPI)
The Summer Peacebuilding Institute is a program of the Conflict Transformation
Program (CTP) at Eastern Mennonite University (EMU) in Harrisonburg,
Virginia. SPI is designed to provide specialized, intensive training
in peacebuilding, conflict transformation, trauma healing, and restorative
justice to practitioners from around the world. SPI offers a sequence
of courses in 7-day intensive formats during May and June, which may
be taken for academic credit or as professional training (non-credit).
http://www.emu.edu/ctp/
International
Conflict Research (INCORE)
The annual International Summer School offers a structured learning opportunity
based on the latest research and concepts in specific topics of conflict
resolution. Senior level participants from all backgrounds - practitioner,
policy-maker, academic - are invited to compare, contrast and learn from
different perspectives. INCORE (International Conflict Research) was
set up in 1993 by the University of Ulster and the United Nations University
to undertake research and policy work that is useful to the resolution
of ethnic, political and religious conflicts.
http://www.incore.ulster.ac.uk/courses/ss/index.html
Institutions
/ NGOs
Search
for Common Ground
With details of its various projects around the world, Search for Common
Ground offers a toolbox of conflict resolution techniques among other
things.
http://www.searchforcommonground.org
European
Platform for Conflict Prevention
The European Platform for Conflict Prevention and Transformation is a
network of European non-governmental organisations involved in the prevention
and/or resolution of violent conflicts in the international arena. Its
mission is to facilitate the exchange of information and experience among
participating organisations, as well as to stimulate co-operation and
synergy. The secretariat of the Platform is hosted by the European Centre
for Conflict Prevention which is based in Utrecht, the Netherlands. This
extensive resource offers a series of Internet based country surveys,
thematic essays, and organisation lists by country.
http://www.euconflict.org
Center
for Human Rights and Conflict Resolution CHRCR
Based in the Fletcher School at Tufts University the CHRCR holds conferences
and seminars in the area of conflict resolution and second-track diplomacy
and also offers specialised training courses.
http://www.chrcr.org/
Coexistence
Initiative
Based in New York, the Coexistence Initiative 'seeks to catalyse a global
awareness of, and commitment to, creating a world safe for difference'.
The Initiative develops and promotes programmes for positive coexistence.
The website provides information and resources as well as a number of
searchable databases.
http://www.coexistence.net/
Community
Relations Council (CRC)
A Belfast based organisation, dedicated to the promotion of better community
relation between the communities in Northern Ireland, and to the recognition
of cultural diversity. Extensive resources are available on-line including
news and press releases, and a number of CRC publications.
http://www.community-relations.org.uk
Co-operation
Ireland
With offices in Belfast, Dublin, London and New York, this organisation
works on a cross border basis to promote mutual understanding and respect
among the communities in the north and south of Ireland. They organise
a series of Youth education and community programmes, an economic co-operation
programme, and a number of fund-raising and special events.
http://www.co-operation-ireland.ie/
Corrymeela
Community
Corrymeela aims to provide an environment where mutual trust and respect
can be built with the two communities in Northern Ireland. The community
hosts a number of residentials, and offers a series of training and learning
projects in the field of conflict and mediation.
http://www.corrymeela.org.
Department
of Peace and Conflict Research
Besides its regular degree courses in Peace and Conflict Studies, Uppsala
has organised every year since 1988 a six week Advanced International
Program on Conflict Resolution (PACS) to contribute to conflict resolution
competence around the world. PACS focuses on the theory and practice
of managing large-scale organised conflicts between and within states,
on the trends and origins of contemporary patterns of conflict and on
ways of solving conflicts in equitable and viable manners, and invites
scholars and teachers at universities and research institutes mostly
residing in third world countries. In 1993 the Department convened its
first Executive Seminar, bringing together well known researchers as
well as practitioners from international organisations such as the UN,
OAS, OAU, EU and OSCE. [Peter Wallensteen, Kjell-Ake Nordquist, et al.]
http://www.pcr.uu.se/
Heidelberg
Institute of International Conflict Research
This research institute provides updated information and analysis of
conflict situations world wide. This includes the annual publication
of the ‘Conflict Barometer’, which describes recent trends
in global conflict developments, escalations, de-escalations, and settlements.
A detailed database of conflict study between 1945 and today is also
included.
http://www.hiik.de/en/index_e.htm
Institute
for International Mediation and Conflict Resolution
The Institute for International Mediation and Conflict Resolution (IIMCR)
is a Washington, DC based, non-profit, institution that promotes peaceful
conflict resolution techniques through the design and implementation
of unique programmes and services. One such programme is the International
Symposia, which has taken place in the Netherlands, Mexico, and Cyprus,
and trained over 1000 students and professionals from over 50 countries.
http://www.iimcr.org/
Conciliation
Resources
Generally involved in support for community based peace initiatives,
sometimes involving training, such as vocational skills training and
policy analysis for journalists (Fiji, Sierra Leone), organisational
development and team building (Fiji), negotiation, mediation and team
building (Sierra Leone). [Andy Carl, David Lord, Davin Bremner, Clem
McCartney, et al.].
http://www.c-r.org/
Collaborative
for Development Action
The Collaborative for Development Action, Inc. is a consulting agency
based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1985, the company has focused
on economic and social development in Asia, Africa, Latin America and
Eastern and Central Europe. CDA staff has worked in over seventy-five
countries with over one hundred international organizations, including
European and North American governments, United Nations agencies, the
World Bank, members of the Red Cross movement, universities and training
centers, and non-governmental organizations. CDA organizes and spearheads
efforts that focus on the role of third party actors in conflict or post-conflict
contexts. CDA currently directs efforts that involve humanitarian and
development agencies, peace and conflict resolution organizations, multinational
corporations and donor agencies.
http://www.cdainc.com
Institute
for Multi-Track Diplomacy
The final piece in the conceptual context of IMTD's practice is the concept
of Multi-Track Diplomacy. Since 1992 the Institute for Multi-Track Diplomacy
has initiated and facilitated various conflict-resolution and conflict-transformation
projects in troubled regions in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Middle-East.
Most recently IMTD has been working in Georgia, Bosnia & Hercegovina,
the Great Lakes Region of East Africa, Liberia, Nepal, Sudan, Zimbabwe,
Jordan, Libya, India, Pakistan and Kashmir, and with Dalai Lama and Tibetan
Government in Exile.
http://www.imtd.org/about.htm
Conflict
Resolution Center International
Conflict Resolution Center International is a non-profit center promoting
non-violent conflict resolution. CRCI is home of one of the largest libraries
on conflict and dispute resolution which is regularly updated and on-line.
http://www.conflictres.org/
International
Alert
Drawing from field experience, IA contribute towards the development
of long-term policy approaches in conflict prevention and peacebuilding,
focusing on practical, concrete and accountable initiatives informed
by best practice. IA is one of the leading NGOs in the field of conflict
resolution.
http://www.international-alert.org/
Karuna
Center for Peacebuilding
In regions experiencing protracted social conflict, the Karuna Center
for Peacebuilding offers training programs in conflict prevention, transformation
and management, with a special focus on inter-communal dialogue and reconciliation.
http://www.karunacenter.org/
Association
for Conflict Resolution
ACR represents and serves a diverse national and international audience
that includes more than 6000 mediators, arbitrators, facilitators, educators,
and others involved in the field of conflict resolution and collaborative
decision-making.
http://www.acresolution.org/
School
of Conflict Management and Human Rights, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna,
Pisa.
The Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento, at Sant’Anna,
in Pisa, offers a one year master’s programme in Conflict Management
and Resolution. The programme consists of an intensive six month semester
of lectures and workshops (Feb-July) after which the student is required
to begin an internship with a relevant international organization (Sept-Dec).
http://www.sssup.it/sssup/jsp/section.jsp?sec_id1=503&sec_id2=64442&lang=it
Berghof
Research Center
The Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management initiates,
supports and monitors projects and institutions which aim to transform
ethnopolitical conflicts. In order to monitor and support peacebuilding
processes over the longer term, the Berghof Research Center aims to interlink
four core areas of work: 1) practically oriented research; 2) support
for local peace initiatives; 3) networking; and 4) policy advice.
http://www.berghof-center.org/
African
Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes
The African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD)
is an international civil-society organisation working throughout Africa
to bring appropriate African solutions to the challenges posed by conflict
on the continent.
http://www.accord.org.za/web/home.htm
The
Conflict, Development, and Peace Network
This website is a forum for the sharing of ideas, knowledge and experience,
and for the discussion of policy and practice relating to conflict, development
and peace. It also contains a database with information on organisations,
agencies, institutions, government departments, networks and individuals
who are working in the fields of conflict, development and peace.
http://www.codep.org.uk/
Responding
to Conflict
Responding to Conflict (RTC) is an international, not-for-profit agency,
based in Birmingham (UK). RTC provide advice, cross-cultural training
and longer-term support to people working for peace, development, rights
and humanitarian assistance in societies affected or threatened by violent
conflict. The focus of their work is on strengthening both practice and
policy-making, and their aim is to help build action-oriented capacity
for conflict transformation and peace-building in the areas where it
is most needed.
http://www.respond.org/
Center
for Dispute Resolution
CDR is an international collaborative conflict resolution firm located
in Boulder, Colorado. CDR provides professional decision making, organizational
consulting, public participation, and conflict management assistance
to the public, private, and non-governmental sectors. They have been
involved in diverse projects in over twenty-five countries in Africa,
Asia, the Middle East, Central and South America, and Europe.
http://mediate.org
WSP
International
War-torn Societies Project assists societies affected by war to overcome
conflict and to build lasting peace. It does this by promoting processes
of consultation, research and analysis with all sectors of society, including
international assistance agencies and donors. WSP, although an NGO, works
in close contact with the UN.
http://www.wsp-international.org/
Internet
Resources
CRInfo
A comprehensive gateway to conflict resolution resources, CRInfo is a
joint field-wide effort to utilize the power of the World Wide Web
to make information on conflict resolution, peace, and dispute resolution
more easily accessible.
http://www.crinfo.org/acron/
Information
on Approaches to Intractable Conflicts
Online information resource on conflict management that provides a guide
to articles, interviews, statistics, and teaching materials.
http://www.beyondintractability.org/iweb/
Juris
International – Dispute Esolution Centre
This collection offers information on arbitration, mediation, conciliation
and expertise centres, by continent and country, including the full text
of their rules and model clauses.
http://www.jurisint.org/pub/03/en/index.htm
Peacemakers:
Bibliography
This site contains many references about conflict resolution, peace research
and peacebuilding.
http://www.peacemakers.ca/bibliography/bib17links.html
Informations
about Peace and Conflict
This site provides essential information and links about institutions,
journals, conferences etc. dealing with peace and conflict research.
http://csf.colorado.edu/peace/
Conciliation
Resources
Conciliation Resources serves as an international resource for local
organizations pursuing conflict resolution initiatives. They aim to support
groups working at community, national and international levels to prevent
violence or transform armed conflict into opportunities for social, political
and economic development. They are currently involved in projects in
Sierra Leone, Liberia, Nigeria, Uganda, Angola, and the Caucasus among
other areas, where they provide support to local NGO’s and peacebuilding
associations.
http://www.c-r.org/
Conflict
Research Consortium
The University of Colorado Conflict Research Consortium Web-site contains
a broad range of resources related to the conflict resolution field's
overall knowledge base and, especially, strategies for dealing more constructively
with especially difficult and intractable conflicts.
http://www.conflict.colorado.edu/
Crisiswatch
and Conflict Histories Database
Hosted by the NGO International Crisis Group, this database provides
up to date information on over fifty countries worldwide and is a useful
tool for investigating conflict situations.
http://www.icg.org/home/index.cfm?id=2937&l=1#C2
|
